What role does melanin play in the tanning process?

Melanin is a crucial pigment in the skin that provides both color and a degree of protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When skin is exposed to UV light, melanin production increases as a natural defense mechanism. This increased production darkens the skin, resulting in a tan. The primary role of melanin in this process is to absorb UV radiation, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer. This protective mechanism is one of the body's ways to shield itself from harmful effects associated with UV exposure. Thus, the correct choice highlights the dual importance of melanin in providing color and enhancing protection against UV damage.